The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire / Table of Contents with links in the HTML file to the two Project Gutenberg editions (12 volumes) · Chapter 220
Establishment of the Papal States
Through the Donation of Pepin and subsequent grants, the popes acquired temporal sovereignty over central Italy, transforming the papacy into a political as well as spiritual power.
Outcome
The Papal States became a major factor in Italian and European politics, involving the papacy in secular conflicts and diplomacy for centuries.
Who was there
- Pope Stephen II
- Pepin the Short