
War and Peace · Character
Napoleon Bonaparte
Also known as Emperor Napoleon, our Bonaparte, the frightened Bonaparte
- Major
- First seen · Book 1
A compact, undersized man in his forties, with a plump, heavy torso and fat shoulders. His face is described as thin in earlier scenes, but later becomes puffy and yellow, with a red nose and dim eyes; his short hair lies wet and matted across his forehead. He wears a blue military uniform, sometimes open over a white vest, and is often shown in a small hat or cocked hat, with a blue campaign cloak or warm overcoat in the field. His small white hands and carefully composed expressions contrast with his increasingly heavy appearance.
- Gender
- male
- First appears
- Book 1
- Books
- 1
Description
A compact, undersized man in his forties, with a plump, heavy torso and fat shoulders. His face is described as thin in earlier scenes, but later becomes puffy and yellow, with a red nose and dim eyes; his short hair lies wet and matted across his forehead. He wears a blue military uniform, sometimes open over a white vest, and is often shown in a small hat or cocked hat, with a blue campaign cloak or warm overcoat in the field. His small white hands and carefully composed expressions contrast with his increasingly heavy appearance.
Connections
Family & partnersFriends & mentorsRivals
- M
Muratconflicting source relationships
Murat is Napoleon’s brother-in-law and former appointee as King of Naples. Napoleon had told him that he made him king to reign in Napoleon’s way, not his own.
- ML
Marie Louisehusband and wife
The portrait of their son is presented to Napoleon as a gift from the Empress, who is identified as the boy’s mother and Napoleon’s wife.
- TK
The King of Romefather and son
Napoleon responds tenderly to the portrait of his young heir and orders it shown to the Old Guard, while then having it removed so the child will not see a battlefield.

Mikhail BalashëvRussian envoy and French emperor
Balashëv delivers Alexander’s letter and argues Russia’s position. Napoleon receives him, alternately treats him as a diplomatic representative and interrupts him with angry assertions.
- CY
Captain YákovlevFrench emperor and Russian envoy
Napoleon explains his policy to Yákovlev and dispatches him to Petersburg with a letter for Alexander.
- GF
General Fouchécommander and artillery general
Napoleon’s battle dispositions assign Fouché responsibility for placing the artillery of the 3rd Corps.
- GS
General Sabastianicommander and subordinate general
Napoleon orders Sabastiani to observe the movements of the Russian army after the French enter Moscow.
- LB
Louis-Alexandre Berthieremperor and chief of staff
Berthier reports the French army’s disintegration and urges Napoleon to rally it at Smolensk and reduce its burdens.
- LD
Louis-Nicolas Davoutmarshal and emperor
Davout serves Napoleon with severe discipline and cruelty; the narration compares his role for Napoleon to Arakcheev’s role for Alexander.
- MD
M. de Beaussetemperor and palace prefect
De Beausset brings Napoleon a portrait from the Empress and attends him at headquarters. Napoleon treats him cordially, teases him about travel, and invites him to ride along.
- M
Moutonemperor and subordinate general
At the council at Málo-Yaroslávets, Mouton voices the conclusion the French officers share: the army must get away as quickly as possible. Napoleon accepts the necessity and orders the retreat.
- R
Rappemperor and adjutant
Rapp attends Napoleon before the battle, answers his questions about the army and supplies, and reassures him that the French will succeed.
- T
TutólminFrench emperor and Russian envoy
Napoleon explains his views to Tutólmin and sends him to Petersburg to negotiate, but Alexander does not receive him.
- CR
Captain Ramballeofficer serving Napoleon
Ramballe is devoted to Napoleon, whom he regards as a generous and glorious monarch, and says that he entered his service after being won over by his achievements.
- JM
Joachim Muratemperor and subordinate king
Murat’s retreating force is among the French formations pursued by the Russians during the retreat.
- L
Lavrúshkacaptor and prisoner who briefly converse
Napoleon questions Lavrúshka after he is captured by the French. Lavrúshka recognizes Napoleon but pretends to be awed to please him; Napoleon gives him a present and releases him.
- ML
Marshal Lannesemperor and marshal
After the victory, Lannes rides up to Napoleon to congratulate him.
- N
Neyemperor and marshal
Ney’s depleted corps reaches Napoleon at Orsha after Ney escapes across the Dnieper, leaving most of his men and artillery behind.

Alexander I of Russiaconflicting source relationships
Their governments’ conflict culminates in Napoleon’s invasion of Russia. Both leaders exchange diplomatic messages, but neither secures peace before the armies clash.

Nicholas Rostóvopposing soldier and enemy ruler
Rostóv has regarded Napoleon as a criminal enemy and is disturbed by the new alliance and by Alexander’s respectful treatment of him.

Pierre Bezúkhovwould-be assassin and intended victim
Pierre becomes convinced that he must remain in Moscow and kill Napoleon to end Europe’s suffering. His resolve weakens after his humane encounter with Ramballe, and he does not carry out the plan in this episode.

Prince Andrew Bolkónskiconflicting source relationships
Andrew regards the French as enemies responsible for his father’s death and the destruction of Bald Hills, and rejects the idea of treating them as friends or sparing them as prisoners.
- CR
Count Rostopchínoccupying ruler and Russian governor
Napoleon blames Rostopchín for the state of affairs in Moscow and orders his houses burned; Rostopchín is presented as an adversary of the French occupation.
- LS
Lieutenant Sukhtélenwounded young prisoner and opposing emperor
Napoleon remarks on Sukhtélen’s youth; the wounded lieutenant answers that youth does not prevent courage, earning Napoleon’s praise.
- MI
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutúzovconflicting source relationships
Kutúzov seeks to wear down and destroy Napoleon’s retreating army while resisting attacks that would squander Russian lives. Napoleon’s flight from Moscow confirms Kutúzov’s belief that patience, rather than aggressive maneuvers, will defeat the French.
- PP
Prince Pyotr Ivánovich Bagratiónopposing commanders
Bagratión’s small detachment faces the French forces advancing under Napoleon’s command. Its mission is to hold them off long enough for Kutúzov’s army and transport to escape.
- PR
Prince Repníncaptured opposing commander and victor
Napoleon questions Repnín after his capture, praises his regiment’s conduct, and grants him the honor of the victor’s commendation.
Story so far
BOOK 1War and Peace
Key events
- Book 1
Ch. 65Battle of AusterlitzThe allied Russian-Austrian army is decisively defeated by Napoleon at Austerlitz. - Book 1
Ch. 220Battle of BorodinóThe Russian and French armies clash at Borodinó in a massive, inconclusive battle. - Book 1
Ch. 255Moscow BurnsMoscow is abandoned by its inhabitants and occupied by the French; fires break out across the city. - Book 1
Ch. 286French Retreat and TarútinoNapoleon's army retreats from Moscow; Kutúzov harasses them at Tarútino and along the Smolensk road. - Book 1
Ch. 341Napoleon's ExileNapoleon is defeated and exiled, first to Elba and later to St. Helena.
Gallery
Book 1: War and Peace
Appearances
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