The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire / Table of Contents with links in the HTML file to the two Project Gutenberg editions (12 volumes) · Chapter 259
Battle of Manzikert
In 1071, the Seljuk Turks under Alp Arslan decisively defeated the Byzantine army at Manzikert, capturing Emperor Romanus IV and opening Anatolia to Turkish settlement.
Outcome
The defeat led to the permanent loss of Anatolia to the Turks, precipitating the appeal to the West that launched the First Crusade.